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La Magdalena Contreras () is one of the 16 ''delegaciones'' (boroughs) into which Mexico's Federal District is divided. It had a 2010 census population of 239,086 inhabitants, and is the third-least populous of Mexico City's boroughs. It lies at an elevation of 2,365 m. above sea level.〔(2010 census tables: INEGI )〕 It is named after two historically important communities, La Magdalena Atlitic, one of four communities with pre Hispanic roots, and Colonia Contreras, an area noted for its textiles mills until the 20th century. The northern end of the borough is urbanized with the rest, with its mountains and ravines, designated as a conservation zone. However, urban sprawl is putting pressure on these areas, with the borough government promoting ecotourism as a way to preserve the area’s forests and other natural resources. The largest ecotourism park is Los Dinamos, canyons and ravines cut by streams and fresh water springs which eventually form the Río Magdalena, Mexico City’s only remaining free flowing river. ==History== The borough takes its name from the La Magdalena Atlitic and the Contreras neighborhood. Human settlements in the area date to between 500 and 200 years C.E., or the latter Pre Classic period. These settlements were mostly located in the Contreras area, and were under the control of Cuicuilco . After Cuicuilco was destroyed by an eruption the higher elevations of this area was dominated by the Otomi and the Chichimecas, who together were known as the Nahuatlacas, a hunting-gathering society. The Tepanecs eventually came to dominate the area, making it part of the Coyoacán dominion. With the rise of the Aztecs, the Tepanecs were conquered and the name Atlitic "stone that drinks water" was given to the area, named after a large rock which rose above a small lake.〔 Four settlements date from the pre Hispanic period, San Bernabé Ocotepec, San Nicolás Totolapan, La Magdalena Atlitic and San Jeronimo Aculco.〔 After the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, the area was under the authority of the Dominicans, who established a town and church dedicated to Mary Magdalene, changing the name of the area to Magdalena (de) Atlitic. In 1543, Jerónimo de León established the first water-powered machinery here to create a saw mill, the first to take advantage of the waters of the Río Magdalena.〔 The Contreras family established a factory in the location that bears their name in the 17th century. At the end of the 18th century, a group of Spanish industrialists founded a textile factory, with caused the economy and population to rise.〔 By the end of the 19th century, the river was powering four textile factories called El Águila Mexciana, Tizapán, Santa Teresa and Loreto.〔 These factories produced wool, cotton and cashmere thread and cloth of various types and by the end of the century, had the use of the Mexico City-Cuernavaca rail line for shipping.〔 However, from the colonial period through most of the 19th century, the areas was poor, populated by farm and textile laborers.〔 The modern borough has its origins in the reorganizations of the Federal District of Mexico City at the beginning of the 20th century. There were several reorganizations from a former municipality system, settling to the current formation in 1927, by presidential decree. At the end beginning of the 20th century, there was a power struggle as part of the Mexican Revolution with the establishment of the Club Democrático Antireelectionista Vicente Guerrero formed in 1911 to fight against the power of local strongmen.〔 The Mexico City-Cuernavaca rail line continued to operate through most of the 20th century, with a train called the "501" noted for carrying famous passengers between the two destinations. The line was officially shut down in 1997. The Contreras station was converted into a park.〔〔 The latter 20th century is marked by population growth, especially in the borough’s north end. In 1963, an extension of the Anillo Periférico ring road was constructed through the borough, prompting the development of housing projects for the city’s growing population starting in the 1970s. These developments include Santa Teresa, Pedregal II, Pueblo Nuevo, Potrerillo, El Rosal, El Tanque and El Toro, heading west from the roadway.〔 In 1900, the area was completely rural, with a population of only 8,150 people, most in the town of La Magdalena. It began growing starting in the 1940s to just over 40,000 in 1960, but from then until 1990 the population reached over 195,000. Population growth continues but at a slower pace: 222,000 by 2000 and 229,000 in 2005.〔 There is limited space for housing projects due to the geography of the area, but population growth has prompted illegal settlements in conservation areas and even in steep ravines where landslides are a danger.〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Magdalena Contreras」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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